The Unspoken Rules of the Nigerian Workplace: Your Survival Guide

You’ve mastered the skills on your CV and you know how to do your job. But when you step into a Nigerian office for the first time, you quickly realize that technical skills are only half the battle. The other half is navigating a complex web of unwritten social rules, cultural norms, and unspoken expectations.

These are the rules that no one will teach you in a formal onboarding session, but they are absolutely critical for your success and survival. Breaking them can make you seem disrespectful, arrogant, or antisocial, even if you have the best intentions.

To help you thrive, here is a guide to the essential unspoken rules of the Nigerian workplace.

1. Greetings Are Not Optional; They Are a Performance

In many Western cultures, a quick "hello" is sufficient. In Nigeria, the morning greeting is a vital ritual that establishes respect and acknowledges hierarchy.

• The Rule: When you arrive in the morning, it is expected that you will make a conscious effort to greet your colleagues, especially those who are older or senior to you. A simple "Good morning, sir" or "Good morning, ma" is the standard.

• Why It Matters: Skipping this ritual can be perceived as rude or proud. Taking the time to greet people shows humility and respect, which are highly valued.

2. "Sir" and "Ma" Are Your Default Settings

Your boss might be young and friendly and tell you, "Oh, just call me David." Be very careful.

• The Rule: Your default method of addressing any superior or significantly older colleague should always be "Sir" or "Ma." Only switch to using their first name if they insist multiple times and you see other junior colleagues doing the same. Even then, it's often safer to stick with the formal address.

• Why It Matters: This is a deep-seated cultural sign of respect. Using a superior's first name prematurely can be seen as overly familiar and disrespectful, regardless of their friendly demeanor.

3. Understand the "Oga" and "Aunty" Dynamic

Formal titles are one thing; the informal hierarchy is another.

• The Rule: You will quickly learn who the "Ogas" (big bosses) and "Aunties/Uncles" (respected senior colleagues) are. These titles are terms of respect and endearment. An "Aunty" in the office isn't just an older woman; she's often a source of wisdom, institutional knowledge, and mentorship.

• Why It Matters: Recognizing and respecting this informal structure shows you are socially intelligent. Building a good relationship with these key figures can make your work life much smoother.

4. Lunch is a Social Contract

How you handle lunchtime says a lot about you.

• The Rule: It is common for colleagues to share food. If someone offers you a piece of their meat or a spoon of their stew, it is a gesture of friendship. It's polite to accept graciously. Similarly, if you are eating something, be prepared to offer a taste to those sitting near you. Always eating alone at your desk can make you seem isolated or antisocial.

• Why It Matters: Food is a powerful bonding tool in Nigerian culture. Participating in the social rituals around it helps you build camaraderie with your team.

5. Never Appear to be an "ITK" (I Too Know)

Confidence is good. Arrogance is fatal. An "ITK" is a know-it-all, and it's a deeply disliked personality type in the Nigerian workplace.

• The Rule: Even if you are 100% sure you have a better idea, present your suggestions with humility. Instead of saying, "The current way is wrong, we should do it this way," try a more collaborative approach: "Thank you for that explanation. I have an idea that might also work. Could we perhaps explore...?"

• Why It Matters: This shows respect for the experience of your senior colleagues. Your goal is to contribute to the team, not to make others look foolish.

6. Over-Communication is Better Than Under-Communication

Your boss is busy. They will not always have time to check in on you. It's your responsibility to make your work visible.

• The Rule: Provide regular, brief updates on your tasks without being asked. A simple end-of-day email like, "Hi Sir, just to update you, I have completed the draft of the report and will send it for your review tomorrow morning," works wonders.

• Why It Matters: It prevents your manager from ever wondering, "What has that new graduate been doing all day?" It shows you are proactive, responsible, and on top of your work.

Navigating these unspoken rules is a skill that you will develop over time. The key is to enter with a mindset of observation, humility, and respect. By doing so, you will not only perform well in your job, but you will also build the strong, positive relationships that are the foundation of a great career.